Ageing To Reduce Economic Growth

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BBC ONLINE 1 March 2013 Last updated at 00:53 GMT

Living longer better

By Peter Bowes BBC News, Los Angeles

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In today's Magazine

• How to get along for 500 days alone together
• El Clasico - Kurdish style
• Quiz of the week's news
• Australia's new non-drinking puritans

Every year, the number of elderly people increases in both developed and developing countries, thanks to modern medicine's genius for pushing back the frontiers of death. But is longevity necessarily a good thing?

In California, fitness is taken to extremes. There are shops in image-obsessed Beverly Hills packed with pills and potions to extend life. In Santa Monica there are so many fitness boot camps and yoga sessions taking place in public parks that local officials are considering a clampdown.
"In California you see people exercising at 05:15 and it's either great for them or it is part of a really neurotic psychosis where they're desperately unhappy because they're getting older," says Ed Saxon, who produced the film Fast Food Nation in 2006.
"The 55-year-old imagining that they look like a 25-year-old and getting surgery or fanatically exercising to do so - it all strikes me as a bad idea.
"The obsession with looking younger than you are means you are denying reality and you are probably denying your own value in some way."
Alongside the craze for fitness goes the ever-changing advice on what to eat to stay young. Should I have blueberries, a kale smoothie, or gluten-free toast for breakfast? And is red wine good for me or not? And what about chocolate?

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“Start Quote

Most people who live into their 90s die after an extended period of disability”

Susan Jacoby author of Never Say Die

It can be bewildering, but the goal is clear - death must be delayed as long as possible.

"In the US it's almost taken for granted that longevity is a good thing," says Susan Jacoby, the author of Never Say Die.
"A lot of this irrational belief that there are things that you can do to buy insurance against getting older and diseased has to do with our real dislike, in America, of growing older."
Jacoby, who is 67, argues against the "lifestyle garbage" and "supplement garbage" that she says the age-management business is promoting.
"If you look beneath the people who are telling you that you can live to be a healthy 120, there's a guy or a woman who's selling something," she adds.
The fact is, most people who live into their 90s die after "an extended period of disability", Jacoby argues
"We're just accepting this myth that because we're healthier than ever at 67, it is going to be the case at 87 or 97. But what is true - thanks to some of the dubious advances of modern medicine, which keep people alive no matter what - is that there is going to have to be more thought about taking care of these people."
This challenge for policymakers has a corollary for every one of us. Do we want to live longer, if that means a longer period of age-related illness?

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Peter Bowes searches for eternal youth

As part of the BBC News What If? season looking at the future, Los Angeles correspondent Peter Bowes has been in search of the secrets of a long life.

• Can walking while working make you live longer?
• The science of a long life

In 1980, James Fries, a professor of medicine at Stanford University outlined a vision in The New England Journal of Medicine of a society where chronic illness could be postponed and shortened. In this society, people would live a full healthy life and then die relatively quickly, decreasing the total amount of lifetime disability.

Fries called this "compressed morbidity" and his work has been credited with moulding the modern paradigm for healthy ageing.
The trouble is that it's easier to advise patients how to lengthen their healthy lives, than how to shorten any period of declining health.
Joseph and Anne Gias are a healthy couple in their 60s, but they worry about the ravages of old age.
"I don't want to live past 80," says Anne. "I think that between the ages of 80 and 85, people deteriorate a lot. I've seen a lot of mental deterioration in that age group and I don't want that for myself."

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What if we could stay young forever? What if everyone had a car? What If? is a season across BBC News looking at visions of the future.
What If (special report)

Despite Anne Gias's fears there are examples of very long healthy lives.

When Besse Cooper died last December, at 116, she was the world's oldest living person.
According to reports she was in "amazing" health and never complained of being in pain.
She lived an active life and refused to eat junk food.
On her last day, she had a large breakfast, had her hair set and enjoyed watching a Christmas video with friends.
She died peacefully in the early afternoon after suffering from breathing problems.
Ms Cooper is a rare but fine example of compressed morbidity - a long, healthy life and a good death.
You can find out more about What if the BBC's special series looking at aspects of the future, throughout February and March
You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

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• How to get along for 500 days alone together

  The search is on to find a couple to travel to Mars, but how easy will it be to get along? Explorer Deborah Shapiro provides marital survival tips.
  

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PET+BLOGSPOT is the ONLINE BLOG of the Malaysian Animal-Assisted Therapy for the Disabled and Elderly Association or Petpositive. Our stories are CURRENT, ACCURATE and RELIABLE. We offer both local and foreign news on animals, disability and the elderly. PET+BLOGSPOT was first established in October 2007. Our hits since then are now 150,000 and ever increasing! PET+BLOGSPOT is updated daily. Kindly note that views expressed in PET+BLOGSPOT are not necessarily those of PETPOSITIVE. You may also visit our Webpage by browsing: www.petpositive.com.my You can also find us in Facebook under PETPOSITIVE EMPOWERMENT. Please sign up as a FOLLOWER of this Blog if you haven't done so already in order to show us your kind support for our work. Thank you!

Why We Can't Imagine Ourselves Getting Old?

5 August 2011 Last updated at 09:59 GMT

Why can't we imagine ourselves getting old?

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By Tom de Castella & Virginia Brown BBC News Magazine

 

A girl born in the UK today has a one-in-three chance of reaching 100 and a boy has a one-in-four chance. But can people really comprehend what that means?
The biblical figure Methuselah supposedly lived for 969 years. But old age isn't for everyone as the Who demonstrated in their 1965 hit My Generation with its provocative line "hope I die before I get old".

Nearly a half century later, young Britons are facing - if not the fate of Methuselah - then a life of scarcely believable length.

It's not just the recently born who will live longer. The projections from the Department for Work and Pensions suggest that more than a fifth of women currently aged 40, and about 14% of their male equivalents, will reach their 100th birthday.

 

Inspirational centenarians

• Comedian George Burns died at 100
• Artist Alphaeus Philemon Cole was still active as an artist past the age of 100. Died aged 112
• Ivy Bean was thought to be the world's oldest Twitter and Facebook user. Died aged 104
• Narcissus of Jerusalem, Christian patriarch of the city in the 3rd Century was still reportedly going strong at the age of 116
• Nearly man: Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo led the sacking of Constantinople in 1204 at the age of 96 or 97. He was also blind

Clocking up three figures has previously been regarded as remarkable enough to merit a telegram from the Queen. But soon she or her successor may have to raise the age requirement.

By 2066, there will be half a million centenarians and some even think the DWP figures err on the conservative side. A study in the Lancet last year suggested that half of babies born after 2000 will reach 100.

The practical issue is pensions. "We simply can't look to our grandparents' experience of retirement as a model for our own," says pensions minister Steve Webb. "We will live longer and we will have to save more."

Our ageing populations require a revolution in the way that social and economic policy operates, according to Joseph Coughlin, an age researcher at MIT. "We need a vision that says ageing is not just about the frail," he told the Financial Times last month. "Ageing is about all of us, and how we keep people productive for as long as possible."

The challenge is as much conceptual as practical.

 

Through the eyes of a centenarian

Evelyn Blackshaw never considered becoming old - let alone living a century.
At 20, her concept of "old" was 24. "When you're young, it's a long while away and you just don't really think about it," she says.

If someone asked in her youthful days if she'd like to make it to 100, she'd have replied: "No thanks! It's nice to be this old at times, but you also start picking up the snags."

Born on 19 July 1911 in Bow, she grew up in East London, marrying Alfred Blackshaw in 1945.
She looks back fondly on her days at Andersons Rubber Company and recalls the time Winston Churchill peered in the shop window.

She keeps her mind and body active through puzzles, reading and dancing - her favourite dance is the quickstep and she prefers "jazzy" songs.

"We have to keep our minds on the route."

And along with dance, she has stayed active by gardening - she fancies Begonias and roses. "And oh, I love bananas."

As Leon Trotsky put it: "Old age is the most unexpected of all the things that happen to a man." Behavioural thinkers believe that most people are incapable of imagining themselves getting old, one reason why people fail to invest sufficiently in a pension.

The theory of "discounting" - delaying payment in return for a bigger financial reward - has been used to explain this.

In one US experiment, researchers put five-year-olds in a room with a marshmallow. The children were told that if it could wait 15 minutes without touching it, they would be offered a second marshmallow. Despite the inducement, the vast majority of the children ate it before the time limit was up.

It underlines the idea that humans distinguish between our present and future selves. "It's been shown that people's identification with themselves diminishes as they look into the future," says Daniel Read, professor of behavioural science at Warwick Business School. "It comes down to not caring about ourselves in the future."

Living longer is one thing, but the quality of the extra years is what counts, he believes. And no-one knows if these extra years will be spent working for longer and being mentally and physically active, or finding oneself frail and bed-ridden.

"We may not be able to expect people to work much longer than they already are," Read warns. "If the productive years remain about the same but the lifespan expands that becomes a major issue for society."

The novelist Martin Amis argued last year that the answer might be "euthanasia booths on every street corner". As he explained at a public Q&A session the swelling ranks of the elderly would not only be a drain on resources for younger generations, but lead to an undignified end to one's life.

The biologist Lewis Wolpert, who wrote about old age in his recent book You're Looking Very Well, dismisses Amis's position.

 

A young person's view - Amanda Agius, 22

I don't want to exceed 50. I'm afraid of ageing, because of the way you look and the fact that you have to depend on people. I want to be able to do things myself”

 

Amanda Agius 22-year-old

He says it wasn't until he retired, aged 75, that he first felt old. Indeed our definition of old, advances further up the age range as we do. Now aged 81, he has accepted he counts as old.

"The point about age is that things change," he explains. "The most striking thing is that in the street everyone passes me now - I've slowed down."

He has begun to forget things, names and faces, and Alzheimer's is a real fear. "I do think about death every now and again. It's not terrible being old. But I miss work and being around colleagues and students."

He is sceptical about the latest figures. But if a significant number of the population really do start living past a hundred, it may not be something to celebrate. "I don't think they will be fulfilling lives. Who's going to employ you at 80 or 90?"

He never expected to get old. "As a young man I never gave getting old a moment's thought." But this is no bad thing, he believes. There is no point worrying about ageing when you're young. Best to enjoy your youth and deal with the aches, pains, and memory loss when it happens.

Steve Jones, senior research fellow at University College London, says that in evolutionary terms the old are irrelevant.

 

I don't like the thought of being old. It's sad - not being able to walk how you should. You sort of start looking a little lifeless - I don't want to struggle”

Azadeh Eatessami 27-year-old

"The point of evolution is preserving DNA. A chick is the egg's way of making another egg. Once the DNA molecule is passed on, the chick becomes almost irrelevant to the process."

Within the animal kingdom, apart from a few species like elephants, extreme old age is a rarity. Even species we think of as being genetically close to ourselves, like chimpanzees, die young through fighting each other, lack of food or attacks by predators.

But humans are going through scarcely credible advance in longevity. As primitive hunter gatherers, our life expectancy was in the 20s or 30s, Prof Jones guesses.

During Shakespeare's time only one in three children made it to the age of 21. By Charles Darwin's era, the rate had improved to one in two. Now for the first time, there are more people in Britain over 45 than under 45.

"The progress has been astonishing," he notes. For the last 50 or so years life expectancy has been increasing at a rate of six hours a day."

Everyone says it can't last, and yet we keep getting older and older. Who's to say it's going to stop?

PET+BLOGSPOT is the ONLINE BLOG of the Malaysian Animal-Assisted Therapy for the Disabled and Elderly Association or Petpositive. Our stories are CURRENT, ACCURATE and RELIABLE. We offer both local and foreign news on animals, disability and the elderly. PET+BLOGSPOT was first established in October 2007. Our hits since then are now 150,000 and ever increasing! PET+BLOGSPOT is updated daily. Kindly note that views expressed in PET+BLOGSPOT are not necessarily those of PETPOSITIVE. You may also visit our Webpage by browsing: www.petpositive.com.my You can also find us in Facebook under PETPOSITIVE EMPOWERMENT. Please sign up as a FOLLOWER of this Blog if you haven't done so already in order to show us your kind support for our work. Thank you!